A mix of animals on a small acreage in Queensland: what needs doing this September

Fire danger right now — South East Queensland

Fire danger changes daily and by district, and the app checks the official rating for your own address every morning.

What a mix of animals need in September

From the care calendar — the things that come round once a season for a mix of animals in Queensland.

1. Spring grass — watch the good doers

   The spring flush is the highest-risk time of year for laminitis, especially in ponies and anything carrying condition. Restrict grazing on lush pasture, and ring your vet at the first sign of soreness rather than waiting.

2. Bloat risk on the spring flush

   Lush clover and legume-heavy pasture in spring is when bloat happens. Fill them up on hay before letting them onto it, introduce new pasture gradually, and don't turn hungry cattle out onto it first thing.

3. Foxes are working harder now

   Foxes have cubs to feed in spring and take more risks to do it. Walk the pen looking for dig-ins and gaps, check the mesh at ground level, and make sure whatever shuts the birds in at night actually gets shut. Ducks and geese that sleep out are the easiest target on the place.

4. Book annual boosters

   Most horses are due an annual tetanus and strangles booster around now. Your vet will know what yours are on and when they were last done.

5. Check the perches for mite

   Red mite wake up with the warm weather and live in the coop, not on the bird — so check the underside of perches and the cracks after dark, when they come out. Birds reluctant to go in at night is the usual first sign.

6. Snake season — tidy the hiding places

   They come out with the warm weather. Clear long grass and rubbish piles near the house, sheds and feed areas, and know where your nearest after-hours vet is.

7. Book the shearer

   Shearers book out early. Getting a date now beats carrying wool into the heat.

Plants in Queensland that hurt a mix of animals

Worth walking the fence lines for. Each one links to the official page with photographs, because a description alone is not enough to identify a plant.

• Weed

  Fireweedalso Madagascar ragwort

  Look for

  Knee-high, bright yellow daisy flowers with 13 petals, soft toothed leaves. Grows in bare or overgrazed patches and along fence lines.

  Worst

  Autumn through spring, and worst in a dry year when there's little else to eat.

  What it does

  Damages the liver a little at a time. Animals show nothing until the damage is done, then go off, lose weight and can't be saved. Cattle and horses are most at risk; sheep and goats tolerate more of it.

  What to do

  Pull it out before it seeds — one plant makes tens of thousands of seeds. Bag what you pull rather than leaving it; it seeds after being pulled. Keep pasture thick, because it only gets in where there's bare ground.

  Photos and detail: NSW DPI — Fireweed

• Weed

  Lantanaalso Common lantana

  Look for

  Sprawling shrub with square prickly stems, rough sandpapery leaves that smell strongly when crushed, and flower clusters that change colour — orange, pink, red, yellow — in the same head.

  Worst

  Any time, but animals eat it when there's nothing else, so worst in drought.

  What it does

  Liver damage and severe sunburn on unpigmented skin — white faces and muzzles blister and peel. Cattle are most commonly affected. Often fatal.

  What to do

  Fence animals away from it, especially newly introduced or hungry animals that don't know better. Never dump lawn clippings or garden waste containing it in a paddock.

  Photos and detail: Queensland Government — Lantana

• Garden plant or tree

  Oleander

  Look for

  Tall garden shrub with long, leathery, dark green leaves and white, pink or red flowers. Very common in old farm gardens and along driveways.

  Worst

  All year. Dried clippings are just as deadly and more likely to be eaten.

  What it does

  Attacks the heart. A few leaves can kill a horse or a cow. Deaths most often happen when someone prunes it and the clippings end up where animals can reach them.

  What to do

  Know where it is on your place and make sure nothing can reach over a fence to it. NEVER put clippings anywhere near a paddock, a feed area or a compost heap animals can get at.

  Photos and detail: Agriculture Victoria — Poisonous plants

• Weed

  Bracken fern

  Look for

  Coarse triangular fronds on a tough stem, often in big patches on poorer or timbered country and along bush edges.

  Worst

  Late summer and autumn, and whenever feed is short.

  What it does

  Horses get a thiamine deficiency — wobbling, then staggering. Cattle bleed internally and can develop bladder cancer with long exposure. Both build up over weeks of eating it.

  What to do

  Keep animals out of heavy bracken country when there's nothing else to eat, which is when they start on it. Look for it along the timbered edges rather than in the open.

  Photos and detail: Agriculture Victoria — Poisonous plants

• Weed

  Green cestrumalso Green poisonberry

  Look for

  Erect shrub to 3m, glossy green leaves with an unpleasant smell when crushed, tubular yellow-green flowers, and shiny black berries.

  Worst

  All year. Grows along creeks, river flats and fence lines.

  What it does

  One of the fastest — animals can be found dead with no warning. Cattle, horses and sheep are all susceptible, and the berries and leaves are both toxic.

  What to do

  Learn to recognise it and remove it; it regrows hard from roots and suckers, so keep after it. Check creek banks and fence lines, where it's usually missed.

  Photos and detail: NSW DPI — Green cestrum

• Weed

  Pimeleaalso Flaxweed, St George disease

  Look for

  Small slender native herb with narrow leaves and small clustered cream or pink flower heads.

  Worst

  After good rain following dry, especially on inland and western country.

  What it does

  Causes swelling under the jaw and brisket and severe illness in cattle. Even the dust off dried plants in hay can do it.

  What to do

  Watch for it after rain breaks a dry spell, and be careful with hay cut from country where it grows.

  Photos and detail: Queensland Government — Pimelea poisoning

• Garden plant or tree

  Avocado

  Look for

  The tree, and anything fallen under it. Common in old house gardens on acreage.

  Worst

  Whenever fruit and leaves are dropping.

  What it does

  Leaves, bark and fruit affect the heart and udder. Horses and goats get swelling of the head and neck; birds are very sensitive and can die quickly.

  What to do

  Fence animals and poultry out from under the tree. Don't throw pruned branches or spoiled fruit into a paddock or a chook run.

  Photos and detail: RSPCA Australia — Plants toxic to animals

• Weed

  Onion weed and other alliumsalso Wild onion, Wild garlic

  Look for

  Grassy clumps that smell of onion when crushed, with small white star flowers.

  Worst

  Spring, and wherever poultry range over garden beds.

  What it does

  Damages red blood cells, causing anaemia. Poultry and horses are the ones to watch.

  What to do

  Keep it out of chook runs and horse paddocks, and never feed onion or garlic scraps to poultry.

  Photos and detail: RSPCA Australia — Plants toxic to animals

• In the water

  Blue-green algaealso Cyanobacteria, Pond scum

  Look for

  Not a plant — a bright green or blue-green paint-like scum on still water, often blown up against the downwind edge of a dam.

  Worst

  Hot, still weather in summer, especially in a dam that's dropping.

  What it does

  Can kill within hours of drinking. Animals are often found dead at the water's edge.

  What to do

  Fence animals off any dam with scum on it and cart water until it clears. Check dams on hot still days — that is when it blooms, and it can appear in a day.

  Photos and detail: Agriculture Victoria — Blue-green algae

Ring a vet now if you see any of these

Not a list to think about — a list to act on. Every one of these is measured in hours.

• Colic can kill a horse in hours and needs a vet now.
• Suspected snake bite is an emergency — antivenom is time-critical.
• An animal that can't get up or won't bear weight needs a vet now.
• Laboured breathing is an emergency.
• Bloat is rapidly fatal in ruminants and needs a vet now.
• A suspected poisoning needs a vet now — what they ate changes the treatment.
• Birthing trouble is measured in minutes, not hours.
• A prolapse needs a vet now.
• Seizures need a vet now.
• Uncontrolled bleeding is an emergency.
• Pale or blue gums mean shock or severe anaemia — a vet now.
• Metabolic collapse is treatable but only quickly.
• Laminitis is an emergency in its early hours — the damage is done while it's still 'just soreness'.
• Choke needs a vet now.
• Sudden eye injury or blindness needs a vet now — eyes don't wait.